Monarch Butterfly
Elisha Mueller
Most recognizable by their orange wings with black and white markings. The outer edge of the wing is black with patterns of white spots.
Status in North Dakota
Summer resident, migratory.
Range Map
Monarch primary range (dark gray).
Reason for SWAP Designation
SGCN (c).
At-risk, expert review or recent assessment.
Listed as Threatened by the USFWS.
Loss of native prairie habitat containing milkweed (species host plant) is driving concern.
Threats
The loss of habitats that contain milkweed is the primary cause for this species decline.
Loss of habitat with high quality nectar sources for adults, such as native prairie is also a concern.
Because this species migrates great distances, connectivity between useable habitats is also a concern.
The use of herbicide for weed control at certain times of the year in native prairie tracts may also be a detriment by reducing nectar sources for the butterfly.
Insecticide use near populations may also be a factor.
Research and Monitoring
Statewide pollinator surveys have been completed by the USFWS HAPET team and NDSU.
Both provided data on presence/distribution of Monarch butterflies across the state.
Continued survey efforts to better understand population trends in ND should be pursued.
Management Recommendations
- Develop pollinator habitat.
- Protect and manage high quality native prairie.
- Develop connectivity between quality habitats.
- Delay haying of habitat until after end of adult flight.
- Plant milkweed and native nectar plants to improve habitat.
- Avoid broadcast spraying of pesticides and herbicides at known sites to minimize loss of adults and nectar sources.
Primary Geological Regions
Habitat Associations
Habitat Use
Monarchs are typically found in areas with a high number of nectar sources.
While domestic plants are used native flowers are preferred.
Monarchs in the caterpillar stage rely exclusively on milkweed so areas with high density of milkweed will contain both caterpillars and adult Monarchs.
Monarchs are found throughout North Dakota.
Areas with a higher density of native prairie would be more likely to support Monarchs.