Wetland Conditions Vary for Duck Hunting

The North Dakota Game and Fish Department’s annual fall wetland survey indicates variable wetland conditions for duck hunting throughout the state.

Mike Szymanski, Department migratory game bird management supervisor, said the statewide estimate of the number of duck hunting wetlands holding water is nearly double last year’s estimate, and almost 30% above the 2003-23 long-term average. 

The number of wetlands (seasonal and semi-permanent wetlands) counted on the survey was the sixth highest since 2003, but conditions vary widely.

The southeast and northwest regions showed declines from last year and are 31 and 43% below average, respectively. Conditions are drying up in the northwestern part of the state and hunters should expect wetlands with wide mud margins in that region. The north central (up 84%), northeast (up more than 200%), and south central (up 26%) regions showed big improvements from last year and are well above their long-term averages. 

“We came out of winter pretty dry, but fairly consistent rains started in late-April, helping wetland conditions rebound in many areas,” Szymanski said. “However, precipitation really dropped quickly in some areas, bringing drought conditions to the western third of the state by mid-September. The eastern two-thirds of the state continued to have abundant rainfall, and some localized areas, especially in the north central and northeast regions, received deluge recently creating areas that are still very wet. As a result, conditions within wetlands on the survey were highly variable. Also of note is that wetland conditions improved substantially after spring migration occurred, so we have a lot of water out there right now, particularly in the north central and northeast, that wasn’t really associated with breeding activity this spring.” 

Rainfall patterns were spotty, Szymanski added, and while much of the state got a lot of rain over the late spring and summer, some localized areas received much more than others. Hunters should expect wetland conditions east of U.S. Highway 83 to be quite variable as a result. 

“The quality of waterfowl hunting in North Dakota is largely determined by weather conditions and migration patterns,” he said. “North Dakota saw meager duck production in most regions of the state this year and somewhat low numbers of ducks in the state during late summer. This will lead to spotty hunting opportunities that will vary at small, local scales. Hunters will really need to do their scouting to find the better opportunities. As always, our wetland conditions are highly dynamic, and hunters should look at areas they plan to hunt as they may have changed quite a bit from last year.”

Hunters need to be cautious of soft areas in fields and roads from recent rains, but at the same time be cautious of tall, dried vegetation that could be a fire hazard. 

The fall wetland survey is conducted in mid-September to provide an assessment of conditions duck hunters can expect.